以某燃料电池载重车为研究对象,建立了包括燃料电池、储氢罐、电动机及变速箱、动力电池和DC/DC(direct current to direct current)变换器等全部动力系统子结构在内的28自由度动力学模型,并结合实车道路测试进行了模型验证.通过动力学模拟和试验设计探究了动力系统子结构位置、悬置刚度和阻尼对驾驶室和燃料电池振动的影响.结果显示:驾驶室振动在2、4、9、12Hz有明显的能量集中,除受到悬架偏频和簧下偏频的影响外,储氢罐位置和燃料电池位置分别对驾驶室2～4 Hz和9～12 Hz振动影响最大,燃料电池振动受其本身悬置刚度的影响最大,动力系统其他结构对上述振动也有一定影响.以动力系统安装空间与悬置变形量为约束,以动力系统位置、子结构悬置刚度和阻尼为优化变量,进行驾驶室多频率振动和燃料电池加速度均方根的多目标优化设计.优化结果表明:在不同车速下,驾驶室4～12 Hz振动均降低40％,燃料电池振动降低45％以上,驾驶舒适性和燃料电池振动安全性均得到显著提升.
Research on fuel cell truck vibration and optimization of power system layout
Taking a fuel cell truck as the research object,a 28-DOF(degree of freedom)dynamic model including all power system substructures of fuel cell,hydrogen storage tank,electric motor and gearbox,power battery and DC/DC converter was established,and the model was verified by road test.The effects of substructure position,mount stiffness and damping of power system on cab and fuel cell vibration were explored through dynamic simulation and design of experiment.Results show that the cab vibration has obvious energy concentration at 2 Hz,4 Hz,9 Hz and 12 Hz.In addition to the influences of suspension offset and unsprung offset,the positions of hydrogen storage tank and fuel cell have the greatest influence on the cab vibration at 2-4 Hz and 9-12 Hz respectively,and the fuel cell vibration is most affected by its own mount stiffness.Other structures of the power system also have some influence on the above vibration.Taking installation space of power system and deformation of the mount as constraints,and position,substructure mount stiffness and damping of power system as optimization variables,a multi-objective optimization design including multi-frequency vibration of the cab and the RMS(root mean square)value of acceleration of the fuel cell was carried out.The optimization results show that the cab vibration at 4-12 Hz is reduced by 40％,fuel cell vibration is reduced by more than 45％under different vehicle speeds.Both the driving comfort and fuel cell vibration safety are improved significantly.
fuel cell power systemtruckvibrationkinetic analysiscomfortmulti-objective optimization
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
