Effect of intestinal-derived trimethylamine oxide levels on prognosis of ischemic heart fail-ure rats
Objective To evaluate the effect of trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)on the prognosis of ischemic heart failure rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,sham group,model group(HF)and intervention group(HF-DMB).Rats in HF and HF-DMB groups underwent myocardial infarction simulation via ligation,and cardiac function was assessed at 4 weeks(4 W),8 weeks(8 W)and 12 weeks(12 W)after surgery,respectively.The levels of Serum TMAO,BNP,CRP,LPS and IL-6 were detected,along with histological examination of myocardial tissue using HE and Masson staining.Fecal samples were al-so collected for 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing analysis.Results Compared with Control group,HF group exhibited a signifi-cant decline in(LVEF)over time,the difference was most pronounced in the eighth week(27.68±6.41)%,also with a notable in-crease in circulating TMAO[(9534.02±202.75)nmol/L,(12713.06±243.66)nmol/L,(4970.95±168.15)nmol/L],BNP[(37.26±3.41)ng/L,(59.17±3.80)ng/L,(58.83±4.41)ng/L],CRP[(179.30±13.85)μg/L,(186.40±13.47)μg/L,(187.21±11.35)μg/L],LPS[(92.45±8.83)ng/L,(90.65±7.5)ng/L,(95.20±4.68)ng/L],IL-6[(97.57±3.48)pg/ml,(102.60±4.96)pg/ml,(107.70±4.70)pg/ml],levels compared with the control group(P<0.05).Myocardial pathological staining showed that more myocardial cells survived and the degree of fibrosis was reduced in HF-DMB group than in HF group.Sequencing analysis re-vealed increased microbial richness in the HF-DMB group compared with the HF group with increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes at 8 weeks,resulting in a lowered Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.However,these changes were reversed in the HF-DMB-8W group.Conclusions Changes of circulating TMAO in ischemic heart failure rats are consistent with traditional heart failure evaluation markers.Specific in-hibition of circulating TMAO can improve various indexes of heart failure,indicating its potential clinical value in heart failure treatment and prognostic assessment.
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