摘要
超级电容器由于充放电速度快、循环寿命长、成本低、环境友好等特性在众多储能器件中脱颖而出.在各类电极材料中,碳化硅(SiC)纳米材料及其衍生碳因其高稳定性、优异的导电性等优势被认为是极具应用前景的超级电容器电极材料.本文首先系统地阐述了SiC纳米材料及其衍生碳的常用制备方法;然后,详细综述了SiC纳米材料及其衍生碳在超级电容器应用中的研究进展,总结"高导电碳材料复合"、"杂原子掺杂"、"赝电容材料复合"、"多级孔结构的设计"、"化学活化"等电化学性能的提升策略;最后,对SiC纳米材料及其衍生碳在超级电容器储能领域中应用存在的挑战和机遇进行展望.
Abstract
As technology and society have continued to develop,the demand for energy storage solutions has increased significantly.Indeed,the development of low-cost,low-carbon,environmentally friendly energy conversion and storage systems is required to address the environmental and ecological problems faced by society.Due to their fast charging and discharging speeds,long cycle life and environmentally friendly characteristics,supercapacitors are widely used in many fields,especially in wind power generation systems,communication and transportation.Among all kinds of electrode materials,silicon carbide(SiC)nanomaterials and SiC-derived carbon(SiC-CDC)materials present long life,high power density,and uncomplicated working mechanisms,which hold significant promise as electrode materials for supercapacitors.So far,various strategies and approaches for controlling the microstructure of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials have been developed to achieve further improvement from preparation methods to electrochemical properties.As such,this review systematically introduces the common preparation methods of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC,including the template method,chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method,high temperature halogen etching method and high temperature thermal decomposition process for preparing SiC-CDC.Furthermore,the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods are discussed.Additionally,the review covers the progress in employing SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials as supercapacitor electrode materials in detail.However,despite this progress,the commercial application of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials as supercapacitor electrodes has been restricted by some problems,in particular their limited conductivity and poor wettability.More importantly,the low energy density of supercapacitors is still a major problem.Thus,current methods and developmental trends of the strategies to improve electrochemical performance such as"highly conductive carbon material composite","heteroatomic doping","pseudocapacitance composites","multi-stage pore structure design","chemical activation"are further analyzed with regards to the current challenges.For example,the introduction of heteroatoms and functional group molecules for reactions into SiC and SiC-CDC materials can inhibit the agglomeration of materials(such as particles and nanosheets),improve their conductivity and wettability,and enhance their specific capacitance.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the application of SiC nanomaterials and their derived carbons in the field of energy storage for supercapacitors are summarized and prospected.As current preparation methods are limited to the laboratory scale,the combination and improvement of different preparation methods and the development of large-scale and low-cost preparation technology are still the directions of the next efforts.This comprehensive review is expected to further advance the research of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(52125203)
国家自然科学基金(52293371)
国家自然科学基金(52202047)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0715803)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2022JQ-324)
中国博士后科学基金(2021M702659)
陕西省科协青年人才托举计划(20220435)
西北工业大学硕士研究生实践创新能力培育基金(PF2023004)
维普
万方数据