Location Route Problem of Rural Express Co-distribution Considering Multi-transportation Modes
Driven by the rapid development of the rural e-commerce express delivery industry and the accelerated implementation of the"express delivery to village"project,the rural express delivery market has grown to considerable scale.However,due to limiting factors such as expansive territory of rural areas,scat-tered residential areas,complex terrain,and small demand,the development of the rural express delivery indus-try also faces prominent problems such as high cost,low efficiency,poor service,difficulty in service outlet lo-cation selection,and monotonous business modes,etc.Intensive operation may be an urgently needed solution to these problems.As an important strategy to integrate and optimize resources,joint delivery can achieve good economic and social effects,effectively alleviate resource waste,improve vehicle service rates,and reduce operating expenses,etc.Therefore,based on the concept of shared distribution resources,in order to build a sound county-town-ship-village three-level rural logistics and express delivery system and meet the development needs of the ru-ral express delivery business,this paper proposes a"1+N+N"rural express delivery model based on county-territory co-distribution with the purpose to integrate the logistics and distribution resources from a wide range of sectors including express delivery,postal services,transportation,and trade circulation,etc.More spe-cifically,under the model,the postal service or a powerful express delivery company will assume a leading role and call on a number of express delivery companies to establish a co-distribution alliance to pool their county-territory express delivery business and distribution resources and jointly build the county-township-village three-level logistics and delivery system.The alliance will be responsible for the overall arrangement of the re-sources to meet the delivery needs in the region;at the same time,in order to achieve cross-industry co-distri-bution,a cooperative relationship should be established with the passenger transport companies and commer-cial circulation enterprises in the county-territory,or by earmarking the idle vehicles of rural residents or via an entrusted agent,to accomplish the task of freight transportation.Meanwhile,with the goal of optimizing the co-distribution network,in light of the analysis of the county-territory co-distribution model,and based on the two operating modes of self-owned vehicle transportation and entrusted transportation,three transporta-tion modes are designed,namely alliance self-owned vehicle milk-run mode,fixed point/route freight trans-port mode based on passenger bus,and piggybacked open-loop transportation based on social vehicles.Next,a heterogeneous vehicle two-echelon network location-route planning model is constructed which considered simultaneous pickup and delivery and multiple modes of transportation and with the lowest node construction cost,vehicle transportation cost and total system cost as the goal,and vehicle mileage and load capacity as con-straints.Finally,a genetic algorithm is designed to solve model,and the feasibility and accuracy of the model are verified through an empirical example.The"1+N+N"rural express delivery model based on county-territory co-distribution designed in this paper has offered a new option of rural co-distribution mode and also pro-vides a new perspective for the implementation of the rural co-distribution practice.
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