摘要
为提高制造类中小企业供应链风险管理水平,通过运用D-AHP方法和基于物元可拓理论的综合评价方法,以a企业为例,对其所面临的供应链风险进行识别,并在此基础上建立供应链风险评估指标体系,计算各评价指标权重,结合专家意见,通过计算最终确定7个一级评价指标、19个二级评价指标和企业整体供应链风险水平.结果表明,a企业供应链的整体风险等级为低风险,其中2个一级评价指标和5个二级评价指标风险水平为中风险,其余一级和二级评价指标的风险水平为低风险.对以a企业为例的制造类中小企业供应链风险进行识别和评价,为同类型企业的供应链风险管理提供参考,提高行业供应链风险管理水平.
Abstract
Small and medium-sized enterprises are an important constituent of China's social economic system,particularly so with the small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises,for whom the main form of competition is supply chain competition,thus effective supply chain management could significantly im-prove the competitiveness of the enterprises.In the face of increasingly fierce market competition,these enter-prises urgently need to improve their ability to identify and cope with supply chain risks and pay more attention to supply chain management.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to identify and evaluate the supply chain risks for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises.Taking Enterprise a,a small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprise,as the research object,we invited and sent questionnaires to some staff of the enterprise,industry experts and related supply chain risk assessment experts.A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed,and 39 valid questionnaires were recovered,at an effective recovery rate of 78%,of which 9 were from internal staff,16 were from industry experts,and 14 were from supply chain risk assessment experts.Through identifying the risks existing with the supply chain of Enterprise a and based on literature analysis,we obtained seven supply chain risk factors as primary evaluation indicators,including enterprise strategy,product sales,raw material procurement,product manufacturing,product distribution,product after-sales and external environment,as well as twelve secondary evaluation indicators,namely information distortion,strategic chang-es,core orders,demand forecast,raw material quality,raw material price,suppliers,production technology,product quality,inventory management,human resources,distribution mode,logistics cost,distribution route,after-sales service level,after-sales service cost,policies and regulations,economic environment,and natural disasters,etc.On such basis,we built a supply chain risk assessment system for small and medium-sized manu-facturing enterprises.Next,we used the D-AHP method to calculate the weight of the indicators.Then,in combination with the matter-element extension theory,we calculated the overall risk level of the supply chain of the enterprise.The result shows that the D-AHP method can improve the accuracy of indicator weighting.Moreover,the result demonstrates that the method and model we adopted in this paper,such as using the mat-ter-element extension theory to study both qualitatively and quantitatively the supply chain risks of the small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises,can help identify the most risky links in the supply chain and as a result improve their scientific evaluation of the supply chain risk.Also,the establishment of the risk assessment model for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises and the analysis and assessment of supply chain risk factors can provide reference for supply chain risk management by these enterprises.
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