Route Optimization for Heterogeneous Vehicle Low-carbon Open Highway Transportation
In recent years,the continuous increase in carbon dioxide emissions has caused global climate change,and prodded some major countries and regions to come up with low-carbon development strategies.As a major carbon emitter,in its rapid development,the logistics industry has led to huge spikes in the carbon dioxide emissions in logistics and transportation activities.Therefore,it is necessary to fully implement the green and low-carbon concept and form a green development model of"low energy consumption,low pollu-tion,and low emissions".Under the strict green emission reduction requirements of the government,carbon emissions will translate into internal economic costs for the transportation enterprises,giving them the urgency to save energy and reduce emissions,so that when formulating distribution plans,they will not only consider economic factors,but also pay attention to ecological and environmental protection.The classic vehicle routing problem relies on the shortest path principle for mathematical modeling,while the low-carbon vehicle routing problem aims at reducing vehicle carbon emissions during the transportation process.Specifically,in the cargo-weighted heterogeneous-vehicle open highway low-carbon routing prob-lem,the transportation cost predicated on load capacity is first added into the total cost in a heterogeneous-ve-hicle open highway environment,then the carbon emissions from vehicle transportation activities is calculated based on vehicle load estimation,and finally a mathematical model is established with the minimum total cost(i.e.,the sum of the fixed vehicle usage cost,the transportation cost predicated on load capacity and the carbon emissions cost)as the optimization objective.In order to improve the local optimization capability of the genet-ic algorithm,an improved genetic algorithm was designed by combining the two-sided exchange algorithm with the traditional genetic algorithm.Next,via a numerical example,this algorithm is found to have obvious advantages over the traditional genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm in terms of conver-gence performance and solution quality.The result also shows that:(1)In the mono-vehicle transportation mode,large vehicle transportation has the lowest total cost and thus is the most economical mode,while medi-um vehicle type transportation has the least carbon emissions and is the most emissions-effective and environ-ment-friendly;and the heterogeneous-vehicle transportation mode can have better transportation organiza-tion,higher vehicle loading rate,lower total transportation cost and carbon emission cost than the mono-vehi-cle transportation mode,making it the more economical and cost-effective mode and more in line with the green and low-carbon concept.(2)The optimal distribution plan is sought after respectively with the mini-mum total cost(without considering carbon emissions)and minimum carbon emission cost as the objective function.The result shows that when carbon emissions are not considered,the total distribution cost of the transportation enterprises is lower.When carbon emissions are considered,since the limit of load capacity changes the sequence of customer service,lower transportation cost and carbon emission cost can be obtained.It needs to be emphasized that in order to achieve green and low carbon development,the government should strengthen preferential subsidies and policies for relevant enterprises to guide them to actively implement the policies for carbon emissions reduction.
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