The traditional view represented by Xiang Yu in Historical Recordsand The Book of the Han Dynastybe-lieves that Xiang Liang was defeated due to his taking the enemy lightly,which Lv Simian don't agree with in his book His-tory of Qin and Han Dynastiesand believes that it is not a true fact but a false accusation.What Lv Simian said is right.The primary reason for the defeat of Xiang Liang was the insufficient troops and supply of food and supplies,which had nothing to do with Xiang Liang's contempt towards the enemy.Zhang Han's army was made up of three to four hundred thousand soldiers,while Xiang Liang's only eighty to ninety thousand.In addition,the lack of intelligence information is another im-portant reason for the downfall of Xiang Liang.Xiang Liang knew little about his enemy and had little understanding of the changes in Zhang Han's army which led to inadequate defense.As a matter of fact,the lack of intelligence information is a common problem for both Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu.
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