Effect of the main components of e-cigarette e-liquid on the structure and function of testicular tissue in adolescent male mice
Objective The effects of e-cigarette e-liquid components on testicular structure and function of adolescent male mice were studied by establishing e-cigarette smoke exposure model.Methods One hundred 28-day-old SPF-grade male KM mice were randomly divided into blank control group,e-cigarette low-dose group,medium-dose group,high-dose group and cigarette group.The mice were exposed to respiratory static poison twice a day for 30 minutes each time for 14 days and 28 days,and the coefficient of testis and epididymis organs,sperm count,mobility and malformed rate were detected.The levels of serum hormone and oxidative stress in testicle tissue were measured.The histological changes were observed by HE staining.The apoptosis of testicular tissue was observed by TUNEL staining.Results Compared with the control group,the testicular organ coefficient of mice exposed to e-cigarette smoke increased(F14 d=1.240,F28 d=5.382,P＜0.05),and the epididymal organ coefficient decreased(F14 d=1.675,F28 d=5.152,P＜0.05).The abnormal sperm rate of epididymis increased(FSperm count(14d)=6.583,F Sperm motility(14d)=54.996,FSperm malformation rate(14d)=258.404,FSperm count(28 d)=3.872,FSperm motility(28d)=63.392,FSperm malformation rate(28 d)=554.258,P＜0.05).Serum levels of testosterone,luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were decreased(FT(14 d)=79.903,FLH(14 d)=88.929,FFSH(14 d)=258.201,FT(28 d)=90.364,FLH(28 d)=286.284,FFSH(28 d)=195.418,P＜0.05).SOD activity increased at day 14(F14 d=3.275,P＜0.05),and decreased at day 28(F28 d=59.602,P＜0.05),GSH-Px activity decreased(F14 d=2.645,F28 d=2.406,P＞0.05),MDA content increased(F14 d=16.807,F28 d=53.520,P＜0.05).There were no obvious histological changes in pathological testing.The positive rate of apoptosis was increased(F14 d=927.885,F28 d=347.032,P＜0.05).Conclusion The main components of e-cigarette e-liquid can cause testicular swelling,epididymis atrophy,reduced sperm count,decreased mobility,and increased deformity rate in mice.This may be related to the decrease of serum hormone level caused by the main components of e-cigarette e-liquid,the significant lipid peroxidation of testicular tissue and germ cell apoptosis.
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