Advances in Innate Immunity Induced by Hantavirus Infection
Hantavirus is a group of zoonosis,segmented,single-stranded,negative-stranded RNA viruses.In natural host animals,hantavirus infection is persistent and asymptomatic.When the virus is transmitted from natural hosts to humans,it causes two clinical syndromes,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)and hantavirus cardiopul-monary syndrome(HCPS).Up to now,their pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated,and there is no specific ther-apeutic drug.Hantavirus infection in vitro did not cause significant cytopathic effect,but the patients had severe vas-cular leakage,it is suggested that the pathological reaction mediated by immunity,including adaptive immunity and innate immunity,may be the main cause of the disease.Among them,innate immunity(also called natural immuni-ty)is the first line of defense against pathogen infection,which is performed by innate immune cells and innate im-mune molecules.The former,such as natural killer(NK)cells and neutrophils,and the latter,such as pattern rec-ognition receptors(PRR),interferon(IFN)and antiviral proteins,play an important role in the immunopathogenesis and anti-infection of hantavirus.In addition,while the host's innate immune system resists the virus,the virus also evades or interferes with the function of the innate immune system,such as the reduction or delay of interferon produc-tion,the formation of stress particles,the induction of apoptosis or autophagy,and the destruction of antiviral signal transduction.Therefore,it is an important topic to study the interaction between hantavirus and hosts innate immune system,it will provide new information for elucidating the pathogenesis of hantavirus and developing specific therapeu-tic drugs.
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