摘要
明清以来,"酬世文献"甚多,但其编纂目的在于日用应酬,多为民间坊刻,印刷粗糙,版本混乱,用之即弃,所以存世较少.目前至少可梳理出《酬世锦囊》《应酬汇选》和《乡党应酬》三个系统,其祖本可溯源至清初乃至元明的民间 日用类书.宋明理学尤其是阳明学主张"应酬即是格物","应酬即礼",为 日用应酬的礼仪化和酬世文献的编纂做了理论铺垫.作为一种礼仪手册,酬世文献延伸并细化了宋代以来的庶人乡礼,打破了"庶人无酬酢之礼"的限制.酬世文献中的礼文,是明清以来民间礼仪活动中口头言说、文字往还、人神沟通的主要文本资源,其中的活套、丽句、佳联极便于下层行礼者模仿套用,促进了礼文在民间社会的应用.乡间礼生、"下层读书人"或"平民读书人",都是酬世文献的传播者和应用者.民间酬世文献的流行,推动了传统礼制的下移和礼仪之邦的形成.
Abstract
In the Ming-Qing period,numerous literatures on intercourse and engagement for daily engagement guidance were carved mainly by folk workshops with rough craft and editions.Those books were usually discarded when used,so few of them got preserved.Now we can sort out at least three types from these literatures,including"tips on intercourse and engagement","selected collections of intercourse and engagement",and"engagement among townsmen",and the mother editions could be traced back to encyclopedias of daily life in early Qing and even the Yuan-Ming period.Neo-Confucians especially Wang Yangming advocated that engagement is just etiquette as well as investigation of things,laying a theoretical foundation for the ritualization of social interaction and the compilation of literatures on intercourse and engagement.As an etiquette manual,this kind of literature extended and refined rural etiquettes since the Song Dynasty,breaking the limitation that commoners having no intercourse.The ritual system recorded in these literatures are main resources for oral expression,written contact,and communication between God and man in folk ritual activities since the Ming-Qing period.Polite formula,epigram and couplet therein are convenient for people to imitate and practice,and promote the application of ritual texts in civil society.Masters of ceremonies and squires were disseminators and users of those literatures.The popularity of such literatures had promoted the popularization of traditional rites and formation of the"state of ceremonies".
基金项目
国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项(23VJXG007)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据