摘要
考察汉语"山药"一词的历史演变及其在当代方言中的分布情况发现,该词在先秦时期被称作"藷藇",两汉至唐代"薯蓣"成为通名,宋以后"山药"逐渐成为普遍使用的名称.自南北朝以来,江闽地区开始使用"藷",到明代演变为"苕".历时发展显著影响了"山药"在各地的分布,表现为越向南的地区,语言越倾向于保留古老特征.北方官话则反映了宋元以来的语言特点.避讳制度、民族心理、地理环境及语言接触等因素对异名形成和分布具有深远影响.
Abstract
This article examines in detail the historical evolution of the word"山 药"in Chinese and its distribution in contemporary dialects.It is found that"山药"was called"藷藇"in the pre-Qin period,and"薯蓣"became a common name for it in the Han and Tang dynasties.In the Song Dynasty,"山药"gradually became a commonly used term.In addition,since the North and South Dynasties,in the areas south of the Yangtze River and in Fujian,"藷"was used,and in the Ming Dynasty,it changed to"苕".These developments over time have significantly influenced the distribution of the term"山药"across the region,as evidenced by the fact that the further south one goes,the more the dialects tend to retain ancient features.The northern official dialects,on the other hand,reflect linguistic features existing since Song and Yuan dynasties.The taboo avoidance systems,national psychology,geography and language contact have had far-reaching influence on the formation and distribution of heteronyms.
基金项目
2021年度国家社科基金项目(21BYY136)
教育部人文社科规划一般项目(20YJA740023)
万方数据