论建筑物管理人在高空抛坠物事件中的安全保障义务
Liability of the Building Manager in the Tort of Throwing Objects from Height
郑志峰 1周婉铃1
作者信息
- 1. 西南政法大学民商法学院,重庆 401120
- 折叠
摘要
《民法典》第1254条规定建筑物管理人在高空抛坠物侵权事件中负担安全保障义务具有正当性,其不同于第1198条的一般安全保障义务,具有约定性、协助性与防范性的特点.在建筑物管理人的主体认定上,原则上采取实质标准,即是否具备专业技能且实际提供物业服务,在小区未委托物业服务企业进行管理时应将全体业主作为共同的建筑物管理人.在确定建筑物管理人安全保障义务的内容及限度上,应以约定或法定义务为前提,综合考虑主观预见和客观行动.在责任衔接上,建筑物管理人与具体侵权人之间应处于同一顺位,二者构成不真正部分连带责任,建筑物管理人承担责任后享有对具体侵权人的追偿权;建筑物管理人与可能加害的建筑物使用人之间构成真正补充责任,由建筑物管理人在过错范围内先行承担赔偿责任,剩余部分再由建筑物使用人进行补偿分担,彼此之间不存在追偿权.
Abstract
Article 1254 of the Civil Code stipulates that the building manager shall have the security obligation in the tort of throwing objects from height,which is different from the general security obligation in Article 1198,and has the characteristics of agreement,assistance and prevention.In principle,the main body of the building manager is determined by the substantive criteria,i.e.whether it has professional skills and actually provides property services,and all owners should be treated as the joint building manager when the community does not entrust the property service enterprise with the task of management.In determining the content and limits of the building manager's security obligation,the agreed or statutory obligation should be taken as the premise,and the subjective foresight and objective actions should be taken into account.In the connection of responsibility,the building manager and the specific tort feasor should be in the same position.The two constitute the joint and several liability for untrue parts,and the building manager is entitled to the right of recourse against the specific tort feasor after assuming responsibility.The building manager and the building user who may cause harm constitute the true supplementary liability.The building manager shall first bear the liability within the scope of fault,and then the remaining part shall be shared by the building user,with no right of recourse between them.
关键词
高空抛坠物侵权/建筑物管理人/安全保障义务/不真正部分连带责任/真正补充责任Key words
Tort of Throwing Objects from Height/Building Manager/Security Obligation/Joint and Several Liability for Untrue Parts/True Supplementary Liability引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AFX015)
最高人民法院司法案例研究课题(2021SFAL021)
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据