Helicobacter pylori(Hp)is the causative agent of gastritis and peptic ulcers,and its infection is worldwide,with a high rate of infection.Antimicrobials are ineffective in the acidic environment of the stomach,thus requiring treatments that target both bacteria and stomach acid.Omeprazole and amoxicillin were the classic bactericidal and antacid combination therapy,and then developed into triple therapy,i.e.,bismuth or proton pump inhibitor+2 antimicrobials.With the increase of antimicrobial drug resistance,the triple therapy replaced by the new potassium-competitive acid-blocking agent started to be used,and bismuth quadruple therapy was adopted in areas with high rate of clarithromycin resistance,but it was still difficult to stop the declining trend of the eradication rate.Scientists are searching for strategies with non-antimicrobial drugs while continuing to delve into the mechanisms of resistance.Probiotic-assisted therapies and Hp vaccines are expected to improve eradication rates,and stimuli-responsive materials also show potential for eradicating Hp,especially the idea of altering the oxygen environment in the gastric juice so that Hp cannot survive offers a new strategy for eradication.
维普
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