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从自在到自觉:中华民族观念的提出、发展和形成

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"中华民族"是梁启超于1902年首先提出和使用的.到了民国初年和五四运动后,首先是"中华"作为国号或国名的确立,其次是第一次世界大战后民族解放运动的兴起及其影响,再次是马克思主义民族理论的广泛传播,这三个方面因素促进了中华民族观念在这一时期的发展.中华民族观念虽然在民国初年和五四运动后有了发展,但并没有像一些学者所认为的那样已经形成.原因一,当时人们使用的主要是"中国民族"而非"中华民族","中华民族"和"中国民族"虽然只有一字之别,但含义是不同的;原因二,很多人是在"汉族"的含义上使用"中华民族"这一观念的.中华民族观念的形成是在抗日战争时期,其原因有三个方面:"中华民族是生死与共、命运与共之共同体"的意识开始形成,各民族交往交流交融扩大,中华民族观念广泛传播.中华民族观念形成的标志是1939年毛泽东《中国革命和中国共产党》一文的发表.
From Freedom to Consciousness:The Proposal,Development,and Formation of the Chinese National Concept
"Chinese nation"was first proposed and used by LIANG Qi-chao in 1902.In the early Republic of China and after the May Fourth Movement,the establishment of"China"as a national name or title,the rise and influence of the national liberation movement after World War I,and the widespread dissemination of Marxist ethnic theory promoted the development of the concept of the Chinese nation during this period.Although the concept of the Chinese nation devel-oped in the early Republic of China and after the May Fourth Movement,it did not take shape as some scholars believed.One reason is that at that time,people mainly used the term"Chinese nation"instead.Although there is only one word dif-ference,their meanings are different;Reason two,many people use the concept of"Chinese nation"in the meaning of"Han ethnicity".The formation of the concept of the Chinese nation occurred during the War of Resistance Against Japan,for three reasons:the Chinese nation was a community of life and death,and the sense of shared destiny began to form.The communication,exchange,and integration among various ethnic groups expanded,and the concept of the Chinese na-tion was widely spread.The symbol of the formation of the concept of the Chinese nation was the publication of Mao Ze-dong's article The Chinese Revolution and the CPC in 1939.

Chinese NationChinese EthnicityThe War of Resistance Against Japanese AggressionThe Chinese Revolution and the CPC

郑大华

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中国社会科学院 近代史研究所,北京 100101

中华民族 中国民族 抗日战争 《中国革命和中国共产党》

中国社会科学院长城学者计划项目

2024CCXZ008

2024

北方民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
北方民族大学

北方民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

CHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.283
ISSN:1674-6627
年,卷(期):2024.(5)