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活态遗产:墨西哥学界非遗保护的知识贡献

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20世纪30年代后,在民族主义的支配下,墨西哥革命制度党政府开始对文化遗产进行发掘与建构,形塑遗产的建构属性与遗产保护的世俗化特征.20世纪70年代后,墨西哥文化部门开始保护活态遗产.在墨西哥加入联合国教科文组织《保护非物质文化遗产公约》后,其学界主张非遗是从历史上延续至今的活态传统,形成批判本真性、承认主体性的保护理念.通过对大众的政治动员,实现民众文化自觉的生成,完成对活态遗产的激活,以对活态遗产的保护来实现社会活力的再造.墨西哥学界在非遗保护方面的知识贡献明晰了这一事实:兴起于全球化时代的非遗保护不是对本质主义的、固化的历史传统的追寻,亦非民族主义支配下对遗产神圣属性的建构和文化独占权的确认,而是将文化保护实践与地方社会政治、经济与社会发展相结合,推动人类文明发展进步的行动.
Living Heritage:The Intellectual Contribution of the Mexican Academia on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage
After the 1930s,the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party government began to explore and construct cultural heritage with the dominance of nationalism,which shaping the construction attributes of heritage and the secular characteristics of heritage protection.After the 1970s,the Mexican cultural department began to protect living heritage.After joining the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage,the Mexican scholar argued that intangible cultural heritage is a living tradition that passed down to the present,forming a theoretical argument that criticizes the authenticity and advocates ownership.Mexican academic circles advocate the political mobilization of the masses to promote the generation of people's cultural consciousness,complete the activation of living heritage,and achieve the reconstruction of social vitality.The protection of intangible cultural heritage in the era of globalization is not pursuit of essentialist and solidified historical traditions,neither construction of the sacred attributes of heritage and confirmation of cultural exclusivity with nationalism,but an issue that takes the protection of intangible cultural heritage as an opportunity to integrate the practice of cultural protection with local social politics,economy and social development to promote the development and progress of human civilization.

MexicoIntangible Cultural HeritageLiving HeritageGlobalization

张青仁

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中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院 北京100081

墨西哥 非物质文化遗产 活态遗产 全球化

国家民委民族问题研究项目中央民族大学青年学术团队引领计划

2023-GMH-0162022QNYL04

2024

西北民族研究
西北民族大学

西北民族研究

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.373
ISSN:1001-5558
年,卷(期):2024.(1)
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