An Analysis of the Architectural Spatial Design and Functions of the Three Northern Liang Caves of Mogao Caves
The Northern Liang Three Caves of the Mogao Caves are the earliest group of caves in Dunhuang,and their architectural space design and function hold significant exemplary importance for the millennium-long construction of the Mogao Caves.In terms of internal space design from both architectural structure and symbolic space creation,the Northern Liang Three Caves demonstrate an absorption and adaptation of Han and Jin Dynasty tomb architecture and cosmological space concepts.They not only depict the beauty of the Buddhist paradise but also strive to create an ideal space for the realization of a blissful afterlife.This concept is reflected in the choice of the Maitreya theme and the construction of the Maitreya celestial palace space,indicating that the purpose of cave construction apart from devout Buddhist worship,and also includes the pragmatic goal of seeking happiness in the afterlife.Combining the portraits of donors within the caves,relevant documentary records,and the material conditions of the Mogao Caves,the construction of the Northern Liang Three Caves was likely initiated by the Northern Liang ruling group.The construction activities included the expansion of Cave 268 and the creation of Caves 275 and 272.Cave 268,initially a meditation cave,became more functionally complex following the attention of the local ruling group.Caves 275 and 272 were created based on the absorption of characteristics from Han and Jin tomb architecture and popular Buddhist trends,serving as worship caves to meet the Buddhist practice and practical merit needs of the actual builders and users of the caves.
Northern Liang Three Cavesarchitectural spaceimage programdonorsritual function
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