转运RNA衍生小RNA(tRNA-derived small RNAs,tsRNAs)是一类来源于tRNAs的新型非编码小RNA,广泛存在于动物、植物的组织细胞以及体液中,在胚胎发育、细胞命运决定、机体免疫调控、获得性遗传以及包括癌症在内的多种人类疾病的发生发展中发挥着不可或缺的作用.然而,由于tsRNAs含有从其tRNAs前体继承而来的多种RNA修饰,这些RNA修饰一方面增加了tsR-NAs信息编码的深度,丰富了tsRNAs在细胞内功能和作用机制的多样性,另一方面也增加了其功能研究的复杂性.近年来,tsRNAs的作用机制成为该领域的研究焦点和关键点.该文系统性地综述了tsRNAs的最新研究进展,包括其生成途径、检测方法、作用机制以及生物学功能的多样性,并探讨了 tsRNAs作为生物标志物在临床疾病诊断中的应用前景.
Advances in the Biogenesis and Functional Research of tRNA-Derived Small Non-Coding RNA
tsRNAs(tRNA-derived small RNAs,also known as tRNA fragments)are a novel class of tRNA-derived small non-coding RNAs that extensively expressed in multiple tissues and body fluids of animals and plants.tsRNAs play indispensable roles in embryonic development,cell fate determination,immune regula-tion,epigenetic inheritance of acquired traits,and various human diseases including cancer.tsRNAs contain various RNA modifications that inherited from their tRNAs precursors.These RNA modifications have not only increased the information coding compacity of tsRNAs and enriched the diversity of tsRNAs functions,but also increased the mechanism complexity of tsRNAs,which leads tsRNAs become a hotspot in small non-coding RNAs field in recent years.This review systematically summarizes the latest research progresses of tsRNAs in their biogenesis regula-tion,molecular mechanisms,biological functions and sequencing methods.Additionally,it explores the potential of tsRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in clinical application.
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