母源因子在哺乳动物卵母细胞向胚胎转变中的作用
The Role of Maternal Factors during the Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition in Mammals
钟欧 1孙小燕 2霍然1
作者信息
- 1. 南京医科大学生殖医学与子代健康全国重点实验室,南京 211166
- 2. 南京医科大学生殖医学与子代健康全国重点实验室,南京 211166;苏州市立医院,苏州 215008
- 折叠
摘要
卵母细胞在形成过程中合成和储存了大量由母源效应基因(maternal effect genes,MEGs)编码的母源因子(maternal factors),它们在卵母细胞和早期胚胎发育过程的多个环节(包括母源mRNAs的合成与积累、细胞器的有序排列、表观遗传重编程、受精后卵子的激活、合子基因组激活的启动以及母源转录物的清除等)中起到关键作用.该综述按照卵母细胞成熟至受精后早期胚胎发育的时间线,详细阐述了母源因子对哺乳动物卵母细胞和早期胚胎发育关键进程的影响,同时描述了母源因子的表达调控和定位.研究发现,MEGs的变异与一系列不良生殖结局有关.在人类中,这些变异可能导致不孕症、胎儿结构性发育缺陷和出生子代患有多位点印记障碍的风险增加.深入研究母源因子及其调控机制有助于更好地理解卵母细胞和早期胚胎发育的生理过程,提高不孕症诊断和治疗的精确性,并为预防相关疾病提供新的策略.
Abstract
During oocyte formation,a substantial number of maternal factors,encoded by MEGs(ma-ternal effect genes),are synthesized and stored.These factors play crucial roles in various aspects of oocyte and early embryo development,including the synthesis and accumulation of maternal mRNAs,orderly ar-rangement of organelles,epigenetic reprogramming,egg activation after fertilization,initiation of zygotic genome activation,and clearance of maternal transcripts.This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of maternal factors on key processes in mammalian oocyte and embryo development,while also discusses the regulation of expression and localization of these factors.Researches have demonstrated that variations in MEGs are associated with a range of adverse reproductive outcomes.In humans,these variants can result in infertility,and an increased risk of fetal structural defects and offspring with multilocus im-printing disorders.By in-depth studies of maternal factors and their regulatory mechanisms,this review can improve the understanding of the physiological processes of oocyte and early embryonic development.This knowledge has the potential to improve the accuracy of infertility diagnosis and treatment,as well as pro-vides new strategies for the prevention of related diseases.
关键词
母源效应基因/母源因子/卵母细胞/胚胎/母体到合子的转变Key words
maternal effect genes/maternal factors/oocyte/embryo/maternal-zygotic transition引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2702201)
国家自然科学基金(32370864)
江苏省高等学校"青蓝工程"项目()
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据