Advancements in the Etiology of Non-Syndromic Oral Cleft:Insights into Genetics,Environment,and Gene-Environment Interactions
NSOC(non-syndromic oral cleft)is a common craniofacial birth defect with a complex etiology influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.This article presents a thorough review of the current land-scape in NSOC etiology research and outlines prospective directions for future investigations.In the realm of genet-ics,the exploration extends to candidate gene and pathway studies,unveiling the latest discoveries from genome-wide association studies,along with breakthroughs in whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing.Environmental risk factors,such as malnutrition,maternal drug exposure,radiation,environmental pollution,and prenatal infections,are scrutinized for their impact on NSOC,underscoring their intimate associations with cranio-facial development.Additionally,this review delves into the intricate interplay between genetic and environmental factors and outlines potential directions for future research in NSOC etiology.These prospects hold the potential to furnish more comprehensive and precise strategies for the treatment and prevention of NSOC.
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