The Mechanism of Total Flavonoids from Allium polyrhizum Exerting Anti-Tumor Effects by Regulating Programmed Cell Death
Flavonoids have inhibitory effects on various tumor cells,but it's not clear whether the total flavonoids of Allium polyrhizum have anti-tumor activity.In this study,the total flavonoids from Allium polyrhizum were found to inhibit three kinds of tumor cells,HeLa,LLC and Hep G2,which confirmed by cell counting,clone formation,scratch,invasion,flow cytometry,real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting,with IC5o values of(90.73±2.20),(78.27±3.24)and(333.20±2.15)μg/mL,respectively;and it could effectively inhibit the proliferative ability,clonogenic ability,migratory ability,and invasive ability of three types of cells;simultaneously promoting apoptosis of HeLa cells and necroptosis of LLC cells;molecular mechanisms revealed that the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and BAX/BCL2 values were significantly up-regulated in HeLa cells,while the expression of necrotic apoptosis-associated protein RIPK3 was significantly up-regulated in LLC cells after treatment with total flavonoids from Allium polyrhizum;the LLC cell tumorigenesis experiment found that the total flavonoids from Allium polyrhizum also had anti-tumor activity in vivo,and exerted inhibitory effects by promoting necroptosis pathways.In summary,this study revealed that the total flavonoids from Allium polyrhizum had anti-tumor activity both in vivo and in vitro,and the inhibitory effects and mechanisms on different tumor cells were inconsistent.It ex-erted inhibitory effects on HeLa cells and LLC cells by promoting apoptosis and necroptosis,respectively.