摘要
生物钟是生物体内部自主产生的、以约24小时为周期重复的生物节律系统.生物钟调节和控制各种生理活动、行为表现及代谢过程,使其与环境的昼夜变化同步,从而维持生物体内部稳态以及适应外界环境的能力.在动物的免疫系统中,生物钟可精确调节免疫细胞的数量、活性和功能,影响其在炎症反应中的昼夜变化,调控免疫调节分子的时序表达,并影响免疫记忆的形成、维持以及免疫疾病治疗的时间策略等.小胶质细胞作为重要的免疫细胞,在先天免疫反应中起到关键的监视和调节作用,其活性和功能受到生物钟机制的精确调控.该文就近年来生物钟对小胶质细胞功能调控的重要研究进展作一综述.
Abstract
The biological clock is an internal system that autonomously generates rhythms with a cycle of approximately 24 h,regulating and coordinating various physiological activities,behavioral patterns,and metabolic processes.This system aligns the organism with the diurnal and nocturnal variations in the environment,thereby main-taining internal homeostasis and enhancing the organism's ability to adapt to external conditions.In the immune sys-tem of animals,the biological clock precisely regulates the quantity,activity,and function of immune cells,influencing their diurnal variations in inflammatory responses,modulating the temporal expression of immune-modulatory mol-ecules,and impacting the formation,maintenance,and timing strategies for the treatment of immune-related diseases.Microglia,as key immune cells,play a critical role in innate immune responses through surveillance and regulation,and their activity and function are finely controlled by the biological clock mechanism.This article provides a review of recent advances in research on the regulation of microglial function by the biological clock.
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