Research progress on T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3/galectin 9(TIM-3/galectin-9)in tumour immunity
With the ongoing advancement of immune checkpoint research,targeting tumors through immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as a crucial approach in cancer therapy.T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing protein 3(TIM-3)functions as a negative immune checkpoint.It has been demonstrated that the interaction of TIM-3 with its ligand galectin-9(Gal-9)can promote immune escape in a variety of cancers.In hematologic,digestive,and respiratory tumors,it affects different signaling pathways by blocking TIM-3/Gal-9 interaction,thereby regulating the growth of T cells,B cells,dendritic cells,NK cells,and monocytes/macrophages,and inhibiting regulatory T cells to exert anti-tumor effects.TIM-3 antibodies have potential therapeutic value as immune checkpoint inhibitors in molecularly-targeted anti-tumor therapy.This article reviews the mechanisms of anti-tumor effects of TIM-3/Gal-9 in the tumor microenvironment of various cancers.
immune checkpointT cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing protein 3(TIM-3)galectin-9(Gal-9)tumor immunityreview
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