摘要
钟嵘《诗品》王粲条之"文秀而质羸",指王粲五言诗有文辞秀密而体气稍弱的特点."质羸"并非指王粲身体羸弱,而是指王粲诗所体现出的重文轻质的倾向,从中可见五言诗质理始衰而文辞始盛的发展趋势.这种重文轻质的倾向缘于王粲以赋为诗的创作特点.此处的赋,既包括作为文体的赋,也指《诗经》六义与比、兴相对的赋.钟嵘评王粲诗"文秀而质羸",亦是通过其与刘桢诗"气过其文"、曹植诗"体被文质"的对比,构建出五言诗源流的经典谱系和文质并重、质胜于文的审美品位,区分雅与俗、正与变,使五言诗正统回归到风骨典雅、文质兼备的轨道上.
Abstract
The"wen xiu but zhi lei"in the Item Wang Can in Zhong Rong's Shipin refers to the characteristic of Wang Can's five-character poems,which means a beautiful and structurally careful wording and a slightly weak essence."Zhi lei"hereby refers to the tendency reflected in Wang Can's poetry to prioritize"wen"over"zhi"rather than his physical weakness,thus mirroring the declining of the five-character poems in essence and the flourishing in wording.This tendency is due to Wang Can's creative feature of using"fu"as poetry."Fu"here includes two types:one is a type of writing with Wang Can as representative;the other is the"fu"in the six meanings of the Book of Songs.Zhong Rong's evaluation of Wang Can's poetry as"wen xiu but zhi lei"aims to construct a classic lineage of the origin of five-character poetry and an aesthetic taste that emphasizes both"wen"and"zhi"by comparing Wang Can's"wen xiu but zhi lei"with Liu Zhen's"Qi overwhelms wen"and Cao Zhi's"ti bei wen zhi".
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