Preparation of antibacterial eugenol/mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their medical potential evaluation
Eugenol(EG)is an important bioactive compound extracted from natural clove.There are 9.4-14.7 g eugenol essential oil contained in every 100g fresh clove.Eugenol has various health benefits,including anti-cancer,antioxidant,preservative,and anti-depressant properties.It also demonstrates broad-spectrum antibacterial activity effective against a wide range of bacteria and fungi,making it a highly desirable controlled and natural antibacterial material for wound care applications such as wound healing and hemostasis.However,due to the rapid volatility and chemical instability of eugenol essential oil,its utilization rate is low in practical applications,often requiring encapsulation for use.To address the issues of easy volatility and low utilization efficiency of eugenol in practical applications,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are introduced.MSNs have been widely studied in the fields of environment,energy,and biotechnology due to their high specific surface area,tunable pore size,proness to functionalization,as well as excellent thermal stability,chemical stability,and biocompatibility.It is expected that these characteristics can be utilized to achieve efficient and sustained release of eugenol.In this paper,an improved Stöber method was used to prepare MSNs with a high specific surface area for immobilizing the natural antibacterial active substance EG,to synthesize aromatic antibacterial nanoparticles(EG@MSNs)with excellent thermal stability,high eugenol loading capacity,and rapid dissolution rate.The prepared eugenol-specific mesoporous silica particles had a particle size range of 100-200 nm,a pore size of 6.54 nm,and a specific surface area of 998.05 m2/g.The test results showed that the eugenol loading capacity reached 57.09%.The rapid antibacterial effect of EG@MSNs was verified through testing in simulated wound tissue fluid,where the instantaneous dissolution rate at a fitted dispersal concentration of 2.35 mg/mL for EG@MSNs can reach a level comparable to that achieved by adding an excessive amount of EG.This allows EG@MSNs to maximize their effectiveness in wound dressings for trauma treatment and has the potential to synergize with"Moist Wound Healing"theory,quickly creating an antibacterial liquid microenvironment.Furthermore,the EG@MSNs were uniformly loaded onto nonwoven calcium alginate dressings(CA@NWs)by using the spray atomization technique resulting in a dressing with over 15 days of inhibition against Escherichia coli and a 71.4%reduction in clotting time.The dressing also exhibited excellent performance in terms of fluorescent substances and surface-active agents,water soluble substances,and pH of water immersion extract.The research results demonstrate that eugenol/mesoporous silica nanoparticles have a rapid antibacterial effect and show great potential for practical applications in the field of wound antibacterial repair.
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