In recent years,ureteral repair and reconstruction techniques,such as appendiceal onlay flap,oral mucosal patch for repairing middle and upper ureteral stenosis,and Boari bladder muscle flap for repairing lower ureteral stenosis,have been continuously introduced and widely used to achieve satisfactory clinical results.In clinical practice,it is important to carefully select suitable patients and adequately prepare for the perioperative period.Factors to consider include the surgical approach,planning the sequence of left and right reconstruction,to ensure optimal results for ureteral repair.This paper provides a detailed account of our center's experience,reviews relevant literature on robot-assisted appendix graft ureteroplasty combined with Boari flap ureteroplasty for one-stage repair of bilateral ureteral strictures,and discusses the current clinical progress.
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