Sacral neuromodulation(SNM)is an essential method for treating refractory voiding dysfunction by artificially stimulating the sacral nerves with implanted electrodes.Precise electrode placement has been a major challenge in clinical practice,as traditional percutaneous techniques lack accuracy.This has driven the search for auxiliary puncture techniques for SNM.Currently,in addition to traditional X-ray guidance,auxiliary puncture techniques employed in clinical SNM mainly include CT-guidance,ultrasound guidance,and 3D printing guidance technology.These auxiliary puncture techniques improve the precision and safety of traditional methods,reduce surgical time,but simultaneously face challenges in balancing reducing radiation exposure,obtaining three-dimensional views,and real-time puncture guidance.Emerging auxiliary localization technologies such as optoelectronic navigation,augmented reality surgical navigation,and mixed reality electromagnetic navigation exhibit promising clinical prospects.This review summarizes the conventional localization methods and the latest auxiliary puncture techniques for SNM,and analyzes their future development directions and application prospects.
维普
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