摘要
垂体腺瘤为颅内良性肿瘤,常见于成人、偶见于儿童,根据是否存在激素分泌异常分为功能性和无功能性腺瘤,主要表现为内分泌功能紊乱、视觉障碍、颅内高压等.儿童垂体腺瘤发病率低,但对儿童生理和心理的影响较明显,临床诊疗具有其独特性,鉴别诊断较成人更复杂,如内分泌症状多见、副鼻窦气化不良、经鼻蝶手术对发育期儿童的影响、药物和放射治疗的儿童化及个体化、术后内分泌调节及后续生长发育等.本文对儿童垂体腺瘤近年临床研究进展进行综述,为神经外科医师诊断与治疗儿童垂体腺瘤提供参考.
Abstract
Pituitary adenoma is a benign intracranial tumor,commonly found in adults and occasionally in children.Pituitary adenoma is classified into secretory and non-secretory adenoma based on whether there is abnormal hormone secretion.The main manifestations include endocrine system abnormalities,visual disturbance and symptoms of intracranial hypertension.Although the incidence rate of pituitary adenoma in children is low,its physiological and psychological impact on children is obvious,diagnostic and therapeutic process is unique,and it has some characteristics,more complicated differential diagnosis than adults,such as more endocrine symptoms,poor paranasal sinus gasification,the impact of transnasal surgery on developing children,drug therapy and radiotherapy for children and individualization,postoperative endocrine regulation and subsequent development problems,etc..Therefore,it is necessary to discuss pituitary adenoma in children independently from adults.This article reviews the clinical research progress of pediatric pituitary adenoma in recent years.
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