Entering Tone of Henan Dialect in Four Counties of Jiangsu Province
More than 100 years ago,a large number of people fled from Xinyang,Henan Province to Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui and Jiangxi,thus forming various Henan dialect islands.Among them,there are four dialect islands in Jiangsu Province where entering tone is founded today.The tone pitch of the entering tone is[(?)5],and it is pronounced with glottal stop.It may be that it is newly produced by the influence of Wu Dialect and Jianghuai Mandarin.When the entering tone is borrowed,the local poweful dialect should have a tone of[(?)5],and the Henan dialect island should have a tone of[55].The borrowing of[(?)5]will lead other short tones to be borrowed together,but after borrowing,they all read[(?)5].At this time,if there is still[55]in the dialect island of Henan dialect,the newly borrowed entering tone will go through a process of glottal stop falling off and short tone lengthening.If[55]has been changed to other tones,the newly borrowed entering tone will not continue to evolve.
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