摘要
在粤北土话韶州片和连州片13个方言点中,日内时间词核心构词语素"早""朝""昼""晏""夜""晡"呈现出显著的分布差异.根据这些核心构词语素的分布,可以将粤北土话时间词分为两种类型:主要分布在韶州片的昼夜系和主要分布在连州片的晏晡系.从汉语历代文献和现代方言的情况来看,构词语素"朝""昼""晏""晡"均是古语词,并且是典型的南方方言语素.而特征构词方式"早/夜+经验性事件"和"方位义成分+方位义成分"在现代方言中比较罕见,应该是粤北土话的自主创新.从粤北土话日内时间表达与其他方言的比较来看,粤北土话可能与客家话存在着较为密切的历史关系.
Abstract
The core morphemes for time words in the Shaozhou and Lianzhou subgroups of Yuebei Tuhua,which consist of"zao(早)","zhao(朝)","zhou(昼)","yan(晏)","ye(夜)",and"bu(晡)",exhibit significant distributional differences across thirteen dialectal points.Based on the distribution of these core morphemes,Yuebei Tuhua time words can be classified into two main categories:the"zhou-ye(昼夜)"series which is primarily found in Shaozhou subgroup,and the"yan-bu(晏晡)"series which is predominantly present in the Lianzhou subgroup.When examining historical Chinese texts and contemporary dialects,it becomes evident that the characteristic morphemes"zhao(朝)","zhou(昼)","yan(晏)",and"bu(晡)"are from ancient Chinese,and are typical morphemes in Southern Chinese dialects.Furthermore,the characteristic word formation patterns,involving"zao(早)/ye(夜)+experiential event"and"locational component+locational component",are relatively uncommon in modern dialects,suggesting an independent innovation within Yuebei Tuhua.Comparing with the time expression system in other dialects,it is plausible that Yuebei Tuhua has a close historical relationship with Hakka.
基金项目
北京师范大学博一学科交叉基金(BNUZHXKJC-22)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据