Research on the Original Character of Words"Si(斯)"with the Meaning of"Souchou(馊臭)"in Mandarin Dialects and Jin Dialect
In Mandarin dialects and Jin dialect,the"si(斯)"type words that indicate food with spoilage and bad smell are very common.It is also included in various dialect dictionaries,often recorded as homophones such as"si(斯)""si(燍)""si(澌)""shi(尸)""si(丝)""si(私)""si(司)""si(死)",and"si(饲)".In Mandarin dialects and Jin dialect,the LiuShe-Kaikou-Threedeng(流摄开口三等)is basically not mixed with the ZhiShe-Kaikou-Threedeng(止摄开口三等),and"sou(馊)"should be a meaning-related word for"si(斯)"type words,rather than the original character.In Jin dialect,the GengShe(庚摄),JingShe(静摄),QingShe(清摄),and QingShe(青摄)of Wenshui and Qixian are now pronounced with the same as the colloquial pronunciation of"(η)".From the perspective of pronunciation,the sound changes of[i]＞[(η)]in Mandarin dialects and Jin dialect are not only seen in the Jing group initials that are combined with the ZhiShe-Kaikou-Threedeng(止摄开口三等)and the XieShe-Kaikou-Threedeng and Fourdeng(蟹摄开口三四等),but also in the Jian & Xiao(见晓)group initials.From a semantic perspective,the olfactory expression of"souchou(馊臭)"often refers to the sour and odorous taste produced by food spoilage.Therefore,"Xi(醯)",a word with the middle ancient pronunciation of"XiaoMu-XieShe-Kaikou-Fourdeng-Qiyun-Pingsheng(晓母蟹摄开口四等齐韵平声)",is originally represented the"sour taste produced by fermentation"and should be the original character of"si(斯)"type words.The formation of the spatial distribution pattern of"si(斯)"words is not entirely caused by the internal sound changes of the dialect itself.The contact and infiltration of dialect vocabulary caused by historical immigration are also important factors affecting their geographical distribution.
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