摘要
目的 探讨厦门市某精神专科医院儿童青少年患者的抑郁状况及其影响因素,为提升儿童青少年的心理健康状况提供思路与方法.方法 选取2019年7月至2023年9月就诊于厦门市仙岳医院的儿童青少年患者2 400例,进行回顾性研究,要求儿童青少年患者已在该院心理测评室同时完成儿童抑郁情绪障碍量表、儿童社交焦虑量表、儿童焦虑情绪障碍筛查量表和90项症状清单.结果 儿童青少年的抑郁情绪障碍检出率为85.33％(2 048/2 400).其中,有抑郁症状的女生比例高于男生,有抑郁症状的初中生或高中生比例高于小学生,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).焦虑症状[比值比(OR)=3.597,95％可信区间(95％CI)2.548～5.078)]、社交焦虑症状(OR=2.819,95％CI 1.995～3.982)、强迫症状(OR=1.643,95％CI 1.083～2.494)、敌对(OR=1.670,95％CI 1.147～2.431)和饮食、睡眠问题(OR=4.375,95％CJ 2.873～6.664)是儿童青少年患者出现抑郁症状的危险因素.结论 存在焦虑症状、社交焦虑症状、强迫症状、敌对和饮食、睡眠问题会增加儿童青少年抑郁的风险.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the depression status and its influencing factors of children and ad-olescents in a psychiatric hospital in Xiamen,and to provide ideas and methods to improve the mental health status of children and adolescents.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 2 400 children and ado-lescents who visited Xiamen Xianyue Hospital from July 2019 to September 2023.Children and adolescents were required to complete the screen for child depression related emotional disorders,social anxiety scale for children,the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders and symptom checklist 90 at the psychologi-cal assessment room of the hospital.Results The detection rate of depression among children and adolescents was 85.33％(2 048/2 400).The proportion of girls with depressive symptoms was higher than that of boys,and the proportion of middle or high school students with depressive symptoms was higher than that of prima-ry school students,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Anxiety symptoms[odds ratio(OR)=3.597,95％confidence interval[95％(CI)2.548-5.078],social anxiety symptoms(OR=2.819,95％CI 1.995-3.982),obsessive symptoms(OR=1.643,95％CI 1.083-2.494),hostility(OR=1.670,95％CI 1.147-2.431),and issues with eating and sleeping(OR=4.375,95％CI 2.873-6.664)were identified as risk factors for depression among children and adolescents.Conclusion The presence of anxiety symptoms,social anxiety symptoms,obsessive symptoms,hostility,and eating and sleeping issues increases the risk of de-pression among children and adolescents.
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万方数据