Progress of exosome-mediated macrophage polarisation in regulating the tumour microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Macrophages,as one of infiltrating immune cells,are closely related to the tumour microen-vironment(TME),and they possess remarkable plasticity,transforming into phenotypes with opposite effects under different stimuli.Exosomes as carriers of biological information,are rich in activity and can fulfil the mutual communication between cells.Studies have shown that cancer cell-derived exosomes can carry biologi-cal information from source cells to regulate macrophage function and influence the TME by mediating macro-phage polarisation,which in turn affects tumour progression.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)-associated macrophages are a group of macrophages existing in the tumour immune microenvironment,influencing vari-ous malignant behaviours of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the immune escape state within the tumour,which in turn affects the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.In this paper,we reviewed the role of exo-some-mediated macrophage polarisation in the TME of hepatocellular carcinoma to provide new directions for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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