Primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in China.Chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C are the main risk factors for HCC.Chronic infection pro-motes the release of immune co-inhibitory molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/pro-grammed death ligand 1(PD-L1),which leads to immune tolerance and tumorigenesis.In recent years,compre-hensive treatment based on immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has been widely used in the treatment of ad-vanced tumors.However,there are few reports on the reactivation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)caused by ICIs.This article reviews the viral reactivation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treat-ment of hepatitis-related primary liver cancer.
维普
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