Protective effect of salidroside on early brain injury in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Objective It is to explore the effect and mechanism of salidroside on brain tissue edema,inflammatory re-sponse,and neuronal apoptosis in rats after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods One hundred and forty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 36 rats in each group.The rats in the model group and salidroside group were used to establish models of subarachnoid hemorrhage through internal carotid artery puncture.After the models were suc-cessfully established,the rats in the salidroside group were given salidroside 50 mg/(kg·d)intraperitoneally every 24 h,and the rats in the blank group and sham operation group were given an equal amount of saline intraperitoneally at the same time point.After 24 h,48 h and 72 h of intraperitoneal injection,the modified Garcia score and water content of brain tis-sue of the rats in each group were respectively evaluated or measured;the brain tissue of rats after 72 h of intraperitoneal in-jection was taken to observe the neuron structure and morphology by Nissen staining,the neuron apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining,and the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor E2-related factor2(Nrf2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in the damage brain tissue were detected by RT-PCR,and the contents of interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the damaged brain tissues were detected by ELISA.Results After 24 h,48 h and 72 h of intraperitoneal injection,the modified Garcia scores of the model group and salidroside group were significantly lower,while the water content of brain tissue was significantly higher than those of the blank group and the sham operation group at the same period(all P<0.05);after 24 h and 48 h of intraperitoneal injection,the differences in the Garcia scores and water content of brain tissue were not statistically significant between the model group and salidroside group(all P>0.05);after 72 h of intraperitoneal injection,the modified Garcia score of the salidroside group was significantly higher,while the water content of brain tissue was significantly lower than those of the model group(both P<0.05).Nissen stai-ning showed that the neurons in the blank group and sham operation group were regular with a large number of Nysted bodies;the neurons in the model group were morphologically and structurally disorganized with decreased Nysted bodies;the neurons in the salidroside group were less damaged,and Nysted bodies were increased compared with those in the model group.The relative expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA in the brain tissue of the model group were significantly lower than those of the blank group and sham operation group(all P<0.05),and the relative expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA in the brain tissue of the salidroside group were significantly higher than those of the model group(all P<0.05).The neuro-nal apoptotic index and the contents of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in brain tissues of the sham operation group,model group and salidroside group were all significantly higher than those of the blank group(all P<0.05),and the neuronal apoptotic index and the contents of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in brain tissues of the salidroside group were all significantly lower than those of the model group(all P<0.05).Conclusion Salidroside can alleviate brain tissue edema,brain tissue inflammato-ry reaction and reduce neuronal apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage via up-regulating the expression of Nrf2/HO-1.
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