Effects and Mechanism of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills on learning and memory ability of rats with vascular cognitive impairment
Objective It is to explore the effect and mechanism of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills on the learning and memory abilities of rats with vascular cognitive impairment.Methods Ninety male Wistar rats were selected,in which 11 rats were randomly selected as the sham operation group,their bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed but not liga-ted.The remaining rats were used to establish vascular cognitive impairment models by ligating bilateral common carotid ar-teries.The modeled rats were randomly divided into model group,nifedipine group,and high,medium,and low dose groups of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pill,with 11 rats in each group.The nimodipine group was given 12 mg/kg of nimo-dipine by gavage,while the high,medium,and low dose groups of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pill were given 2.4 g/kg,1.2 g/kg,and 0.6 g/kg of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pill by gavage,respectively.The model group and sham operation group were given equal volumes of purified water by gavage,all once daily.After continuous intragastric administration for 4 weeks,the learning and memory abilities of rats were tested by Morris water maze test(recording the length of swimming paths within the test quadrant and the number of times crossed the original platform).Then the rats were executed to detect the level of Alzheimer's associated neuronal thread protein(AD7c-NTP)in cerebrospinal fluid and the contents of choliner-gic markers[acetylcholinesterase(AchE)],oxidative stress markers[superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)],inflammatory markers[tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)]in brain tissue.Results Compared with the sham operation group,the swimming path length in the test quadrant of the rats in the model group was significantly shortened(P<0.05),and the number of times crossed the original platform was significantly reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the swimming path length in the test quadrant of the rats in the Nimodipine group and the high and low dose groups of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pill were significantly increased(both P<0.05),and the number of times crossed the original platform of the rats in the high-dose group of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pill was signif-icantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the sham operation group,the level of AD7c-NTP in cerebrospinal fluid and the contents of AchE,MDA,IL-6,TNF-α in brain tissue of the rats in the model group were significantly increased(all P<0.05),while the cotent of SOD in brain tissue was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the levels of AD7c-NTP in cerebrospinal fluid and the content of AchE in brain tissue of rats in the nimodipine group and high-dose group of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pill,the level of AD7c-NTP in cerebrospinal fluid of rats in the low-dose group of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pill,the content of AchE in brain tissue of rats in the medium dose group of Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pill,and the contents of MDA,IL-6,and TNF-α in brain tissue of rats in the nimodipine group and Ton-gren Niuhuang Qingxin Pill groups were significantly reduced(all P<0.05),while the contents of SOD in brain tissue of rats in the Nimodipine group and Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pill groups were significantly increased(all P<0.05).Con-clusion Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pills could improve the learning and memory abilities of rats with vascular cognitive im-pairment.It might play neuroprotective effects by improving cholinergic system function,antioxidant stress,and reducing inflammatory reactions.
Tongren Niuhuang Qingxin Pillsvascular cognitive impairmentinflammatory factorsoxidative stresscholinergic system
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