Nipah virus(NiV)is an enveloped,pleomorphic virus with a diameter ranging from 40 to 600 nanometers.It belongs to the Henipavirus genus,the family Paramyxoviridae,and the order of single stranded negative strand RNA viruses.NiV is able to cause zoonotic diseases in humans and be transmitted from person-to-person,and with multiple outbreaks in South Asia,Southeast Asia.NiV primarily invades the respiratory system and central nervous system,causing acute fever,headaches and varying degrees of consciousness disorders,with a mortality rate of up to 40%-75%.Currently,NiV has been listed in the World Health Organization's Blueprint list of priority pathogens as one of the eight most dangerous pathogens,requiring monitoring and preparedness measures to prevent pandemics.However,effective vaccines and specific antiviral drugs are still lacking,and treatment mainly relies on systemic supportive therapy.This review provides a detailed overview of the latest research progress in virology,pathogenesis,clinical features,diagnosis,antiviral drugs,vaccine development and epidemiology of NiV,aiming to provide references for further research,prevention and control.
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