Characteristics of rotavirus infection in newborns hospitalized in a hospital from 2022 to 2023 in Liangshan Prefecture
罗吉平 1俞琼 1宋丽娟 1肖晨曦 1罗刚群 2蔡钊 3徐涛 4叶如聪 5李兴凤 6陈启雄7
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作者信息
1. 西昌市人民医院儿科,四川 西昌 615000
2. 凉山州妇幼保健院儿科,四川 西昌 615099
3. 凉山州昭觉县医院儿科,四川 西昌 616150
4. 西昌市冕宁县人民医院儿科,四川 西昌 615699
5. 西昌市妇幼保健院儿科,四川 西昌 615050
6. 凉山州越西县人民医院儿科,四川 西昌 616650
7. 重庆市中医院儿科,重庆 400021
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摘要
目的 调查2022-2023年凉山地区住院新生儿轮状病毒感染特征,并开展多中心研究,结合数据分析制定防控措施提供科学依据.方法本研究为多中心调查,选取凉山地区6家县市级医院(西昌市人民医院、凉山州妇幼保健院、西昌市妇幼保健院、凉山州昭觉县医院、西昌市冕宁县医院、凉山州越西县医院),采集2022年1月至2023年12月新生儿病房年龄＜28d的新生儿大便样本2918份,其中2022年1393份(腹泻样本65份,非腹泻样本1328份),2023年1525份(腹泻样本77份,非腹泻样本1448份),对样本进行轮状病毒检测并分析感染特征.结果在2918份新生儿大便样本中,共检出轮状病毒阳性82份,阳性率为2.81％,其中腹泻新生儿中轮状病毒阳性率为34.51％(49/142),非腹泻新生儿轮状病毒阳性率为1.19％(33/2776),两者阳性率差异显著(P＜0.05);呕吐新生儿中轮状病毒阳性率为34.75％(49/141),非呕吐新生儿轮状病毒阳性率为1.19％(33/2777),两者阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);发热新生儿中轮状病毒阳性率为35.00％(49/140),非发热新生儿轮状病毒阳性率为1.19％(33/2778),两者阳性率差异显著(P＜0.05).新生儿轮状病毒感染全年均可发生,其中7至9月阳性率＜1.5％,12月至次年2月阳性率较高,均＞4.5％,各月份阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),新生儿轮状病毒感染可见明显季节感染高峰,12月至次年2月检出率较高;胎龄、出生体重、喂养方式、新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)入住情况均是新生儿感染轮状病毒的危险因素(P＜0.05);25.00％的轮状病毒感染患儿出现腹泻症状.结论轮状病毒感染是新生儿腹泻的重要原因,轮状病毒感染高峰期集中于每年的12月至次年2月,不同日龄新生儿轮状病毒感染率差异明显,需加以干预.腹泻、胎龄、喂养方式、出生体重、NICU入住情况是轮状病毒感染的危险因素,应结合轮状病毒流行病学特征,新生儿入院后即完善疑似感染轮状病毒实验室检查.
Abstract
Objective Investigate the characteristics of rotavirus infection in hospitalized newborns in Liangshan area from 2022 to 2023,Based on data analysis,develop prevention and control measures to provide scientific basis.Method This study is a multi-center survey,selecting 6 county-level hospitals in Liangshan area(Xichang People's Hospital,Liangshan Prefecture Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Xichang Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Liangshan Zhaojue County Hospital,Xichang Mianning County Hospital,and Liangshan Yuexi County Hospital).2918 stool samples were collected from newborns aged＜28 days in the neonatal ward from January 2022 to December 2023,including 1393 in 2022(65 diarrhea samples and 1328 non-diarrhea samples),and 1525 in 2023(diarrhea samples).77 samples and 1448 non-diarrhoeal samples),the samples were tested for rotavirus and the infection characteristics were analyzed.Result Among 2918 newborn stool samples,a total of 82 samples were positive for rotavirus,with a positive rate of 2.81％.The positive rate of rotavirus among newborns with diarrhea was 34.51％(49/142).The positive rate of rotavirus in neonates without diarrhea was 1.19％(33/2776),and the positive rate between the two was significantly different(P＜0.05);the positive rate of rotavirus in neonates with vomiting was 34.75％(49/141),and the positive rate of rotavirus in neonates with non-diarrhoea was 34.75％(49/141).The positive rate of rotavirus in neonates with vomiting was 1.19％(33/2777),and the difference between the positive rates was significant(P＜0.05);the positive rate of rotavirus in neonates with fever was 35.00％(49/140),and the positive rate of rotavirus in neonates with fever was 35.00％(49/140).The positive rate of rotavirus in newborns was 1.19％(33/2778),and there was a significant difference between the two positive rates(P＜0.05).Neonatal rotavirus infection can occur throughout the year,with the positive rate from July to September being＜1.5％,and the positive rate from December to February being higher,both＞4.5％.There is an obvious seasonal peak of rotavirus infection in neonates in both groups,with a higher detection rate from December to February of the following year;whether there is diarrhea,gestational age,birth weight,feeding method,and NICU admission status all affected the rotavirus infection rate(P＜0.05);newborn gender,mode of delivery and age did not affect the rotavirus infection rate(P＞0.05);25.00％of children with rotavirus infection developed diarrhea symptoms.Conclusion Rotavirus infection is an important cause of neonatal diarrhea.The peak of rotavirus infection is concentrated from December to February of the following year.The infection rates of neonates of different ages are significantly different.Interventions in diarrhea,gestational age,feeding methods,and NICU are needed.Based on high-risk factors such as the occupancy status and the epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus,laboratory examinations of rotavirus suspected infected neonates were completed immediately after admission.
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