摘要
麻疹是一种由麻疹病毒引起的、具有高度传染性的急性出疹性呼吸道传播疾病,主要症状包括发热、流涕、咳嗽、流泪、畏光和斑丘疹等.少数患者可并发肺炎、喉炎、中耳炎、心肌炎、脑炎等,重症感染可致死亡.尽管目前己大规模普及疫苗接种,但2022年全球仍有近136 000人死于麻疹,其中大部分是5岁以下的儿童.为进一步规范麻疹的临床诊疗工作,结合国内外研究进展和诊疗经验,国家卫生健康委员会发布了《麻疹诊疗指南(2024年版)》.本文通过综合相关研究进展对该指南进行了归纳与整理,内容涵盖了麻疹的病原学、流行病学、发病机制、病理变化、临床表现、并发症、实验室检查、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗及预防等,以期增进对该指南的理解,旨在为临床医生防治麻疹提供依据和参考.
Abstract
Measles is an acute exanthematous respiratory disease caused by the highly contagious measles virus.Its main symptoms include fever,runny nose,cough,watery eyes,photophobia,and maculopapular rash.A small number of patients may develop complications such as pneumonia,laryngitis,otitis media,myocarditis,encephalitis,and severe cases can be fatal.Despite the widespread availability of large-scale vaccination,nearly 136,000 people still died from measles in 2022,with the majority being children under the age of five.In order to further standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of measles,the National Health Commission has issued the Measles Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines(2024 Edition)by integrating domestic and foreign research progress and clinical experience.This article summarizes and organizes the guidelines based on relevant research progress,covering the etiology,epidemiology,pathogenesis,pathological changes,clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,diagnosis and differential diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of measles,aiming to enhance understanding,improve practicality,and provide a basis and reference for clinicians in the prevention and treatment of measles.
维普
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