中国老年人口的消费差距及形成原因
The Consumption Gap and its Causes Among the Elderly in China
贾晗睿 1詹鹏2
作者信息
- 1. 中共上海市委党校经济学教研部
- 2. 浙江大学公共管理学院
- 折叠
摘要
文章在中国人口老龄化加剧和总需求不足的背景下,借助CHIP2002年、2013年和2018年数据,基于不平等分解方法,对全国60岁及以上老年人口的消费差距进行分析.研究发现:(1)我国老年人口的消费差距呈下降趋势,但消费不平等问题依然突出,2018年全国老年人消费基尼系数为0.44.(2)消费差距主要表现为不同家庭结构、城乡和高低消费群体之间的消费水平和消费结构差异.(3)从消费结构看,我国老年人口主要以食品、居住和医疗保健消费为主,其中医疗保健和居住支出扩大了老年人口的消费差距,食品支出缩小了老年人消费差距;从消费水平看,我国老年人口的消费差距主要是收入差异、城乡差异和家庭结构差异导致的,2018年的贡献率分别为39％、9％和8％.本研究为理解中国老年人消费提供新认识,为扩大国内需求、激发"银发市场"活力、积极应对人口老龄化提供一个新视角.
Abstract
This article analyzes the consumption gap among elderly people aged 60 and above in China,based on the data from CHIP in 2002,2013,and 2018,against the background of population aging and insufficient total demand.The study found that:(1)The consumption gap among the elderly in China is on the decline,but the problem of consumption inequality is still prominent.The Gini coeficient for elderly people in China in 2018 was 0.44.(2)The consumption gap mainly manifests as differences in consumption levels and structures among different household structures,urban and rural areas,high and low consumption groups.(3)From the perspective of consumption structure,healthcare and housing expenditures have widened the consumption inequality among the elderly,while food expenditures have narrowed the consumption gap among the elderly.From the perspective of consumption level,the consumption gap among elderly people in China is mainly caused by income gap,urban-rural gap,and household structure difference.The contribution rates in 2018 were 39％,9％,and 8％,respectively.This study provides a new understanding of elderly consumption and a new perspective for expanding domestic demand,stimulating the vitality of the silver-haired market,and actively responding to population aging.
关键词
老年人/消费结构/消费差距/收入差异/城乡差异/家庭结构差异Key words
The Elderly/Consumption Structure/Consumption Gap/Income Gap/Urban-rural Gap/Differences in Household Structure引用本文复制引用
基金项目
上海市哲学社会科学规划课题青年课题(2023EJB016)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据