Environmental and energy issues have increased the de-mand for advanced energy storage technologies,such as lithium-ion batteries,as a key component in this round of new energy revolution.However,lithium-ion batteries face safety issues,es-pecially fire hazards caused by large-scale thermal runaway and its spread.This paper addresses these challenges and summarizes the methods of applying insulating materials to prevent thermal run-away and its propagation.It summaries the functions of different insulation materials in terms of heat absorption,heat insulation,and their combination.Moreover,it reviews the numerical mod-els for studying battery thermal runaway and fire and its preven-tive measures at the system level.The aim of this paper is to clarify the research and development of insulating materials and provide ideas for future innovation.
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