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对单位固有刑事责任的实务解读及成员归责理论重构

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自然人成员罪刑限制了单位的认罪认罚从宽和实践,暴露出单位与成员捆绑式诉讼现状的问题.现有单位犯罪与成员责任在诉讼分离的大方向上是正确的,但实践接纳程度不高、应用转化不足.认定单位犯罪不应以成员责任为前提,而应按照一般性犯罪构成理论逻辑对单位固有刑事责任进行解读,单位固有犯罪行为包括决策行为和组织行为,单位犯罪意志则由成员思维决策复制而来.同时,对于成员参与的形成单位犯罪意志的行为和监督失职行为,可以与单位犯罪一并处理;对于单位意志的传达责任、执行责任,则归属于个人,应当从单位犯罪中剥离,并以此为基础回应以下三个问题:在不能确证成员犯罪时如何评价单位犯罪;在成员不认罪认罚时能否对单位认罪认罚从宽;如何利用认罪认罚从宽制度挽救涉罪单位及其成员.
The Practical Interpretation of the Inherent Criminal Responsibility of the Unit and the Reconstruction of the Theory of Unit Member Crime
The punishment of natural person member's crime limits the leniency of the unit's guilty plea,exposing the current situation of the bundled litigation between the unit and the member.The existing unit crime and member responsibility are correct in the general direction of separation of litigation,but the acceptance degree of practice is not high,the application transformation is insufficient.The identification of unit crime should not be based on the responsibility of members,but on the interpretation of the inherent criminal responsibility of the unit according to the logic of general crime constitution theory.The inherent criminal behavior of the unit includes decision-making behavior and organizational behavior,and the will of the unit crime is copied from the thinking decision of members.At the same time,for the members participating in the formation of the unit will to commit crime and supervision dereliction of duty,can be dealt with together with the unit crime;the responsibility to convey and execute the will of the unit belongs to the individual and should be separated from the unit crime.On this basis,the following three questions should be answered:how to evaluate the unit crime when the member's crime cannot be confirmed;in the member does not admit guilt to accept punishment can be lenient to the unit;how to use the leniency system of guilty plea to save the unit involved in crime and its members.

theory of unit crimeseparation of litigationlegal system of leniency for confession and ready for punishmentinherent criminal responsibility of the unit

刘思

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北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院

北京市西城区人民检察院

单位犯罪理论 分离式诉讼 认罪认罚从宽制度 单位固有刑事责任

2023

刑法论丛

刑法论丛

ISSN:
年,卷(期):2023.1(1)