摘要
现代汉语情态动词"行"和"可以"之间存在语义交叉、语用互渗等现象."行"有道义和动力情态义,"可以"有道义、动力和语力三种情态义."行"和"可以"的肯定式与否定式在形式和语义上不对称.形式上的不对称主要由语义程度的差异导致:语义程度极高的动力情态词"可以 2x"只能用语义程度低一些的动力情态词"能"的否定形式"不能"表否定;道义情态词"行 1""可以 1"和动力情态词"行 2""可以 2y"的语义程度适中可直接前加"不"表否定.此外受到韵律和交际追求省力的影响,"可以 1"还能用"不行"表否定.
Abstract
There are phenomena of semantic intersection and pragmatic interpenetration between the modern Chinese modal verbs"xing(行)"and"keyi(可以)".The verb"xing(行)"has moral and motivational modal meanings,while"keyi(可 以)"has three modal meanings:moral,motivational and semantic.The affirmative and negative forms of"xing(行)"and"keyi(可以)"are asymmetrical in form and semantics.The formal asymmetry is mainly caused by the difference in semantic degree.The power modal"keyi2x(可以 2x)",which has a very high semantic degree,can only be negated by the negative form"buneng(不能)"of the power modal"neng(能)",which has a lower semantic degree.The moral modal"xing1(行 1)""keyi1(可以 1)"and the motivational modal"xing2(行 2)""keyi2y(可以 2y)"can be negated by adding"bu(不)"directly in front of them to a moderate degree of semantics.In addition,due to the influence of metrical and communicative effort,"keyi1(可以 1)"can be negated by"buxing(不行)".
基金项目
江苏师范大学2024年研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(2024XKT1970)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据