An Examination of the Life and Family of Huang Fangdu,the Loyal and Brave Martyrdom General in the Early Qing Dynasty
Huang Fangdu,the son of Huang Wu,inherited the title of Duke of Haicheng.In Kangxi 14th year,Huang Fangdu and his generals Zhang Ji,Chen Qian,Dai Lin,Huang Fangming and Huang Yi died by loy-alty in Zhangzhou and were awarded the title of loyal and brave king.The Records of Emperor Kangxi mistakenly wrote"Zhang Ji"and"Dai Lin"as"Zhang Qiong"and"Dai Lin",and The Draft History of Qing Dynasty spread the error.Zhang Ji,Huang Fangming and Huang Yi are descendants of Hakka and Dai Lin is from the"He Lao"ethnic group.Zhang Ji was Huang Wu's nephew-in-law,and of the same clan as Zhang Yidong,a famous offi-cial in the late Ming Dynasty.Dai Lin was born in a military family of the Ming Dynasty and his father Dai Ji was an old subordinate of Hong Chengchou.Huang Fangming was the cousin of Huang Huanzi and Huang Fangdu,Huang Wu's elder brother.Huang Yi was Huang Wu's nephew,and followed Huang Wu to surrender to the Qing Dynasty and made many military achievements.His son Huang Tingjin followed his father's style.
Huang FangduHuang WuHaicheng Gongfamous generallate Ming and early Qing Dynasty