摘要
新疆建省前,刘锦棠等新疆地方官员以俄属安集延人并非"真正俄人"为由,以国际法为法理依据,意图限制俄属安集延人在新疆的活动.此举得到清廷支持,由此引发中俄交涉.交涉初期,双方从各自的利益出发解释条约,责备对方违约.随着中方转变交涉策略,争论焦点转向俄属安集延人是"中国叛逆"?还是"俄属安居之民"?在沙俄的强权下,清廷最终让步.俄属安集延人交涉源于沙俄对中国主权的侵蚀,刘锦棠及清政府的反应既是对沙俄侵略行径的反抗,更是以主权建设为主的积极的边疆治理,体现出转型时期边疆治理中内政、外交交织的复杂历史面相.此次交涉以国民归属及国家管辖权为焦点,清廷虽然妥协,但明确了国民管辖的主权原则,呈现了历史演进的方向.
Abstract
Before the establishment of Xinjiang Province,Liu Jintang and other officials in Xinjiang attempted to re-strict the activities of Russian Andijan people in Xinjiang on the grounds that the Russian Andijan people were not"real Russians"under international law.This move was supported by the Qing Court and thus triggered negotiations between China and Tsarist Russia.At the beginning of the negotiation,each side interpreted the treaty in its favor and blamed the other for breaking it.As the Tsungli Yamen changed the negotiation strategy,the dispute turned to wheth-er Andijan people was a"Chinese rebel"or"Tsarist Russian civilian in peace".In the face of Tsarist Russian strength,the Qing court finally gave in.The negotiation of Russian Andijan people originated from Tsarist Russian erosion of Chinese sovereignty.The reaction of Liu Jintang and the Qing government was not only the resistance against the Tsarist Russian aggression,but also the active border governance based on the construction of sovereignty,which re-flected the complex historical features of interweaving internal affairs and diplomacy in the border governance dur-ing the transition period.The negotiation focuses on national attribution and state jurisdiction.Although the Qing Court compromised,it made historical progress by clarifying the principle of sovereignty under national jurisdiction.
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大专项(21VMZ007)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(22JZD035)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据