Relationship between main agronomic traits and yield per plant of upland cotton reciprocal cross F2∶3 families
[Objective]To explore the relationship between yield per plant and main agronomic characters of cotton.Which is of great significance for enriching basic materials of cotton breeding and breeding excellent hybrids.[Methods]90 and 78 F2:3 families derived from Xuzhou 142 and Line 9 were analyzed by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,regression analysis and path analysis.Then the relationship between the plant height,the number of fruit branches,the number of effective fruit branches,the number of bolls,the num-ber of effective bolls,the weight of single boll and the coat fraction of each cotton plant was analyzed.[Re-sults]Phenotypic analysis showed that F2:3 families had abundant variation,most of the characters showed typi-cal quantitative genetic characteristics,and there was widespread hyperparental separation,and the heterosis of each character was obvious.There were significant positive correlations between seed cotton yield per plant and lint yield per plant and plant height,number of fruit branches,number of effective fruit branches,number of bolls,and number of effective bolls and weight of single boll.Two kinds of principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,PC1 represented cotton boll growth factors and PC2 represented the compre-hensive selection factor of lint fraction and boll weight.The direct path coefficient of effective boll number was the largest,which contributed the most to the yield per plant.[Conclusion]The results showed that the effec-tive boll number contribut the most to cotton yield,and selecting cotton with more effective boll number is an important way to breed high-yielding varieties.At the same time,the weight of single boll,the lint percentage and the number of effective fruit branches should also be considered.The finding of this study is beneficial to the breeding of new hybrid lines of cotton in different directions.
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