Effects of different irrigation rates on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of dwarfed close-planted apple trees
[Objective]To study the effects of different drip irrigation on physiological characteristics.[Methods]yield and quality of apple trees in Aksu area Xinjiang,Three kinds of drip irrigation treatment were set,namely:Low water W1(irrigation quota is 216 m3/667m2),medium water W2(irrigation quota is 249 m3/667m2),high water W3(irrigation quota is 282 m3/667m2),flood irrigation is CK(irrigation quota is 750 m3/667m2).Stem flow rate of apple tree was measured by TDP needle flow meter,leaf photosynthetic pa-rameters were measured by Li-6400 portable photosynthesis meter,meteorological data were collected by HOBO small weather station,and soil water content of-20,-40,-60 and-80 cm were measured by ECH2 O water probe.The yield index(single fruit weight、longitudinal diameter、transverse diameter、fruit shape index)and quality index(soluble sugar、total acid、K、Ca、Na、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn content)were determined.[Results]The stem flow rate of different irrigation treatments was CK>W3>W2>W1,and the average stem flow rate of different months was ordered as July>August>June>September.The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount,and the water use efficiency of W2 treatment was higher.The main meteorological factors affecting the stem flow rate of apple trees are solar radiation and atmospheric temperature.The 30-50 cm soil layer is an important area for drip ir-rigation.With the increase of irrigation amount,the yield increased gradually,but there was no significant difference between W2,W3 and CK.With the increase of irrigation amount,irrigation water use efficiency first increased and then decreased,and the irrigation water use efficiency of W2 was the highest,which was 65.59%higher than that of CK.According to water productivity,W2 treatment is the best treatment,but in ar-id areas,more irrigation can be used to increase the yield.[Conclusion]The optimal irrigation treatment for dwarf and densely planted apple trees in Aksu area Xinjiang is W2 treatment,the irrigation quota is 249m3/667m2,the irrigation times are 11 times a year,and the evaporation in July is large,should be timely irriga-ted.
apple treeIrrigation quantityStem flow ratePhotosynthetic characteristicsIrrigation wa-ter utilization efficiency
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