Survey of the occurrence of apple tree Valsa canker and screening of new control agents
[Objective]To explore the occurrence of apple tree Valsa canker and green prevention and control measures in Shuanghe City,Xinjiang.[Methods]In April-September 2021,we investigated the dy-namics of apple tree Valsa canker and the expansion pattern of spots in the honey crisp apple demonstration or-chard of 81 mission in Shuanghe City,Xinjiang by using the method of regular surveys at fixed points,and sprayed three concentrations of Amino-oligosaccharide at the young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage for immuno-induced resistance,and conducted the auxin correction test and agent compounding test in spring and summer to observe the recurrence of spots by using the scraping and dry coating methods.After that,the control effect was calculated by using the scraping and drying methods to correct the disease spots in spring and summer.[Results]The results showed that the number of new spots in April and May accounted for 91.28%of the new spots in the whole growing season,and the expansion of spots from April to June accounted for 77.14%of the expansion of spots in the whole growing season;the spraying of Amino-oligosaccharide at the young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage of apple trees could induce host resistance,and the effectiveness of control against rots was 88.89%and 91.67%,respectively.The effectiveness of Tebuconazole 200 times+100 times of Tebuconazole and 200 times of Tebuconazole+100 times of Tebuconazole was 87.5%for both treatments;the highest effectiveness of Tebuconazole 200 times of Tebuconazole and Bacillus subtilis 200 times of Tebuconazole and Bacillus subtilis 200 times of Tebuconazole was 81.2%;the effectiveness of Bacillus subti-lis 200 times of Tebuconazole and Bacillus subtilis 200 times of Tebuconazole was 1∶2.The efficacy of tebucon-azole 200 times with Bacillus subtilis 200 times 1∶2 was 75.2%,and the lowest efficacy of tebuconazole 200 times with Bacillus subtilis 200 times 1∶5 was 69.2%.[Conclusion]The study showed that the peak period of disease spot addition and expansion is from April to June,so preventive measures are recommended in this time.Spraying 500 times of amino-oligosaccharide at the young fruit stage can effectively improve the apple tree potential and enhance the disease resistance to the Valsa canker.Applying 200 times of pentothal 200+100 times of Turpentine,200 times of Daidzinium+100 times of Turpentine,and a 5∶1 ratio of chemical to biological agent compound can effectively reduce the occurrence and recurrence of apple tree Valsa canker after scraping the spots.
apple tree Valsa cankeroccurrence patternimmune-induced resistancebiological con-trolpharmaceutical compounding
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