学前儿童亲社会行为策略探索:社会认知和家庭环境的影响
Examining Prosocial Behavioral Strategies in Preschool Children:The Impact of Social Cognition and Family Environment
谢文澜 1赵殷樱 2王永明 3曲方炳 4江柠柠5
作者信息
- 1. 宁波幼儿师范高等专科学校科研处,宁波 315000
- 2. 杭州市滨江区丹枫幼儿园,杭州 310051
- 3. 苏州大学苏州医学院基础医学院,苏州 215123
- 4. 首都师范大学学前教育学院,北京 100048
- 5. 宁波市东部新城中心幼儿园,宁波 315100
- 折叠
摘要
通过125 名3.25～6.25 岁儿童在改编独裁者博弈任务、错误信念任务、情绪理解等任务中的表现,以及相关问卷结果来评估儿童的亲社会行为策略、社会认知能力(心理理论和情绪理解),以及家庭环境(社会经济地位和家庭子女数量),并采用贝叶斯网络对上述数据进行分析.结果发现,随着年龄的增长,儿童采取的行为策略从自利向互惠(公平)、慷慨转变;社会认知能力越强,儿童越倾向于采用互惠、慷慨策略;家庭环境通过社会认知因素影响儿童亲社会行为策略.上述结论有助于理解早期亲社会行为的发生和维持,以及内在认知机制和外在环境因素如何作用于亲社会行为的发展变化.
Abstract
Prosocial behavioral strategies,social cognitive abilities(theory of mind and emotional understanding),and family environ-ment factors(socio-economic status and number of siblings)were examined in 125 children aged 3.25 to 6.25 years.Assessments were conducted using the Adapted Dictator Game Task,the False Beliefs Task,and the Emotional Understanding Task,along with rele-vant questionnaires.Data were analyzed utilizing Bayesian networks.Results revealed a developmental shift in children's behavioral strategies from self-interest towards reciprocity(fairness)and generosity with age.Additionally,higher levels of social cognitive ability correlated with increased tendencies towards reciprocity and generosity.Furthermore,family environment exerted an influence on chil-dren's prosocial behavioral strategies via social cognitive mechanisms.These findings contribute to our understanding of the emergence and persistence of early prosocial behaviors,shedding light on the interplay between intrinsic cognitive processes and extrinsic environ-mental factors in their development.
关键词
心理理论/情绪理解/公平/互惠/慷慨Key words
theory of mind/emotional understanding/fairness/reciprocity/generosity引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据