The Logic of the Creation of International Organizations from the Perspective of Latecomer Countries:An Analysis Starting from Reflecting on and Reforming Western Theories
In the 20th century,Western theories proposed social deman'd determinism and state will determinism as explana-tions for the creation of international organizations.These theories were later integrated in debates during the 1970s and 1980s.While existing theories can explain why countries create international organizations,they struggle to answer more nuanced questions about why international organizations emerge in specific times,regions,fields,and forms.This limitation stems from a lack of onto-logical argumentation in existing theories.The three-level ontology of"system-structure-agent"formed in debates within rationalist theories of international relations has provided the foundation for current theories on international organization creation.However,these theories are constrained by individualistic political philosophies and a focus on bilateral relations within international relations academia.As a result,they fail to fully explain the rationale behind the organization of multilateral relations between countries and do not adequately address the concerns of non-Western latecomer countries.Therefore,they cannot provide effective guidance for the creation and reform of international organizations in the 21st century.To innovate the theory of international organization creation,it is necessary to consider the realities and needs of non-Western latecomer countries and improve the theoretical narrative by refor-ming the variable networks of the three-level ontology of"system-structure-agent".This involves shifting from an individualistic perspective to a structuralist perspective,focusing on multilateral relations rather than bilateral relations,and utilizing core concepts such as interaction fields,power structures,and group roles.By doing so,the reformed theory can better explain important aspects of international organization creation,such as reaching cooperation consensus,selecting institutional forms,and constructing organi-zational structures.The reformed theory is expected to illustrate key nodes and variable networks in the logic of international organi-zation creation while considering the unique realities and challenges faced by latecomer countries in leading multilateral cooperation in the 21st century.
international organizations creationontologylatecomer countriesinteraction fieldpower structuresgroup roles
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