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朝省诗:唐代官僚政事生活与创作

Chaosheng Poetry:The Administrative Life and Creative Writing of Officials in the Tang Dynasty

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以早朝和寓直为主描写朝官政事生活的朝省诗,在唐代政治制度成熟和诗歌兴盛的背景下得到繁荣,且被宋以后的诗歌总集视为独立的题材类型.因具体环境和政事不同,早朝诗和寓直诗在场景内容、所用意象及意境上各有特点和偏擅,但作为庙堂制作和"荣遇之诗",二者受儒家政教和雅颂之义制约,在表现与朝官身份、职守相对应的政治品节、朝事情怀这一正意及"典雅温厚"的本色风格上,具有本质的相通性,这也是学人将其统归为"朝省"类的出发点.这一王道诗学的政治属性也决定了唐代朝省诗自然要受到社会变迁的影响.初盛唐时期"政遇醇和",朝省诗"吟咏德泽",以表现政治恩遇和责任为宗旨,可谓"雅颂之余波,政教之遗美";中晚唐王道失落、宦情淡薄,朝省诗出现变奏,大量描写官员从政的辛苦、厌倦及内心私语、幽情等非"官守之所在"的情感.其"变声"虽不合雅颂之义,但在唐人眼中符合儒家诗学的性情风旨.朝省诗为了解唐代官僚的行政生活、思想风貌和相关朝事制度提供了最好的窗口,同时对客观评价庙堂制作,全面认识儒家诗学、唐代诗学及唐诗风貌有重要意义.
The Chaosheng poetry which describes the life of political affairs and focuses on Zaocho and Yuzhi flourished in the background of the maturity of the Tang Dynasty political system and the prosperity of poetry,and has been regarded as an independ-ent subject type in the poetry collection since the Song Dynasty.Due to the differences in specific environment and political affairs,the contents,images and artistic conception of Zaochao poems and Yuzhi poems have their own characteristics and advantages.How-ever,as the production of imperial court and the"poems of honor",the two are restricted by the meaning of Confucian political edu-cation and Yasong,and have essential similarities in the expression of the political integrity corresponding to the official status and the natural style of"elegant and gentle".This is also the starting point for scholars to classify it as the category of"Chaosheng".The political attribute of this royal poetic theory also determines that the creation of Chaosheng poetry is bound to be influenced by social changes.During the early and prosperity Tang Dynasty,when the politics was harmonious,the Chaosheng poetry was singing praises of the Emperor's virtue and kindness to show political favor and responsibility,which can be called"the residual waves of Yasong and the remaining beauty of political education".In the middle and late Tang Dynasty,because the royal way was lost and the official enthusiasm was weak,the Chaosheng poems changed to describe a lot of the hard work and boredom of the officials in politics,as well as the feelings that do not fit the official position,such as inner whispers and seclusion.Although the"changing voice"was not in keeping with the spirit of Yasong,in the eyes of the Tang people,it was in line with the emotions and nature of Guofeng in Confucian poetics.The Chaosheng poetry of the Tang Dynasty provides the best window for us to understand the adminis-trative life,ideological style and related system of the bureaucrats of the Tang Dynasty,and it is of great significance for us to objec-tively evaluate the production of imperial court and comprehensively understand the poetics of Confucianism,the concept of Tang people,and the style of Tang poetry.

Chaosheng poetryZaochaoYuzhiThe administrative lifeYasong

洪迎华

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厦门大学中文系,福建厦门 361005

朝省诗 早朝 寓直 政事生活 雅颂

国家社会科学基金一般项目

21BZW093

2024

厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
厦门大学

厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.876
ISSN:0438-0460
年,卷(期):2024.74(4)